The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to scientists Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman for their contributions towards the development of mRNA vaccines, which helped combat the COVID-19 virus. Major pharmaceutical companies manufactured vaccines based on the mRNA technology devised by them. This technology is being studied to create new vaccines to combat various diseases including malaria. Kariko was born in Szolnok, Hungary, while Weissman was born in Massachusetts, USA. The two scientists met in the 1990s and worked as research partners at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. They are both professors at the university.